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For larger databases, the size of the tables and indexes will be the predominant component of total dataTip base size. Fortunately, you can easily find out your database s size by using database-sizing spreadsheets. One such sizing spreadsheet is available from Blue Hills Technology Corporation at http://bhtech.com/. Although the spreadsheet is for an older version of Oracle, the idea behind it remains the same, and you can derive meaningful estimates of the size of your tables and indexes using this spreadsheet.

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4 discussed the components of Oracle memory; the total amount of memory that you need will depend on the size and nature of your applications. Oracle does provide a rule of thumb for memory requirements, and you can follow this rule when you are in the initial stages of planning your system. Later on, you can adjust these initial estimates. The minimum requirement that Oracle imposes for memory is 256MB, but this is not enough for serious applications. Depending on your application s size and the number of users, your memory requirements may run to several gigabytes of RAM. In addition, Oracle requires that you allocate swap space that is about two to three times your Oracle RAM allocation. The requirements of the applications that your system will be running will determine the total memory you need. At the very least, your system shouldn t be memory-bound, because inadequate memory leads to excessive swapping and paging, and your system could slow to a crawl. In 22, you ll learn how to monitor memory usage and determine when you may need to increase it.

Although the Oracle database server software and the databases managed by the server will function even if they re installed on a single disk or a set of disks without any organization, as such, you ll lose performance and endanger the safety of the databases if you don t follow a well-thoughtout strategy regarding disk allocation. Oracle strongly recommends a disk layout methodology formally called the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), for efficiency as well as many other reasons. Before you start any installation of the Oracle software itself, it is absolutely necessary for you to be familiar with the OFA recommendations regarding proper disk layout. The OFA is a set of recommendations from Oracle Corporation aimed at simplifying management of complex software and databases often running under multiple versions of software. The OFA essentially imposes a standardized way of naming the different physical components of Oracle and places them on the file system according to a logical plan.

First you have to determine whether the user s name appears in the shadow file. If he has a new account, he may not have been entered into it yet. If this is so, you have to create an entry in the shadow file.

The OFA guidelines were formulated at Oracle in 1990 in an internal paper by Cary Millsap. Millsap revised them in 1995 and published them under the title OFA Standard: Oracle for Open Systems. You can find this paper and many other excellent white papers at http://www.hotsos.com/.

The OFA guidelines are only Oracle s recommendations, and you do not have to follow them in their entirety, but OFA was designed to achieve minimize disk contention, to provide for operating more than one database without administrative confusion, and to improve database performance. Laying out the UNIX directories according to the OFA guidelines leads to a clear and efficient distribution of Oracle s various files, even with several databases simultaneously running under different Oracle versions. You can consider the OFA guidelines a set of best practices regarding two important issues disk layout and naming conventions based on extensive field experience by Oracle professionals. Although originally intended only for internal Oracle use, the OFA is now the standard by which all Oracle installations should be measured.